Written and edited by a team of experts in the field, this exciting new volume presents the cutting-edge techniques, latest trends, and state-of-the-art practical applications in linear and nonlinear system modeling. Mathematical modeling of control systems is, essentially, extracting the essence of practical problems into systematic mathematical language. In system modeling, mathematical expression deals with modeling and its applications. It is characterized that how a modeling competency can be categorized and its activity can contribute to building up these competencies. Mathematical modeling of a practical system is an attractive field of research and an advanced subject with a variety of applications. The main objective of mathematical modeling is to predict the behavior of the system under different operating conditions and to design and implement efficient control strategies to achieve the desired performance. A considerable effort has been directed to the development of models, which must be understandable and easy to analyze. It is a very difficult task to develop mathematical modeling of complicated practical systems considering all its possible high-level non-linearity and cross couple dynamics. Although mathematical modeling of nonlinear systems sounds quite interesting, it is difficult to formulate the general solution to analyze and synthesize nonlinear dynamical systems. Most of the natural processes are nonlinear, having very high computational complexity of several numerical issues. It is impossible to create any general solution or individual procedure to develop exact modeling of a non-linear system, which is often improper and too complex for engineering practices. Therefore, some series of approximation procedures are used, in order to get some necessary knowledge about the nonlinear system dynamics. There are several complicated mathematical approaches for solving these types of problems, such as functional analysis, differential geometry or the theory of nonlinear differential equations.
Intelligent Green Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities Presenting the concepts and fundamentals of smart cities and developing "green" technologies, this volume, written and edited by a global team of experts, also goes into the practical applications that can be utilized across multiple disciplines and industries, for both the engineer and the student. Smart cities and green technologies are quickly becoming two of the most important areas of development facing today's engineers, scientists, students, and other professionals. Written by a team of experts in these fields, this outstanding new volume tackles the problem of detailing advances in smart city development, green technologies, and where the two areas intersect to create innovation and revolutionary solutions. This group of hand-selected and vetted papers deals with the fundamental concepts of adapting artificial intelligence, machine learning techniques with green technologies, and many other advances in concepts related to these key areas. Including the most recent research and developments available, this book is an extraordinary source of knowledge for students, engineers seeking the latest research, and facilities and other professionals working in the area of green technologies and challenges and solutions in urban planning and smart city development.
Like most industries around the world, the energy industry has also made, and continues to make, a long march toward "green" energy. The science has come a long way since the 1970s, and renewable energy and other green technologies are becoming more and more common, replacing fossil fuels. It is, however, still a struggle, both in terms of energy sources keeping up with demand, and the development of useful technologies in this area. To maintain the supply for electrical energy, researchers, engineers and other professionals in industry are continuously exploring new eco-friendly energy technologies and power electronics, such as solar, wind, tidal, wave, bioenergy, and fuel cells. These technologies have changed the concepts of thermal, hydro and nuclear energy resources by the adaption of power electronics advancement and revolutionary development in lower manufacturing cost for semiconductors with long time reliability. The latest developments in renewable resources have proved their potential to boost the economy of any country. Green energy technology has not only proved the concept of clean energy but also reduces the dependencies on fossil fuel for electricity generation through smart power electronics integration. Also, endless resources have more potential to cope with the requirements of smart building and smart city concepts. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.
The increasing demand for electronic devices for private and industrial purposes lead designers and researchers to explore new electronic devices and circuits that can perform several tasks efficiently with low IC area and low power consumption. In addition, the increasing demand for portable devices intensifies the call from industry to design sensor elements, an efficient storage cell, and large capacity memory elements. Several industry-related issues have also forced a redesign of basic electronic components for certain specific applications. The researchers, designers, and students working in the area of electronic devices, circuits, and materials sometimesneed standard examples with certain specifications. This breakthrough work presents this knowledge of standard electronic device and circuit design analysis, including advanced technologies and materials. This outstanding new volume presents the basic concepts and fundamentals behind devices, circuits, and systems. It is a valuable reference for the veteran engineer and a learning tool for the student, the practicing engineer, or an engineer from another field crossing over into electrical engineering. It is a must-have for any library.
Master digital design with VLSI and Verilog using this up-to-date and comprehensive resource from leaders in the field Digital VLSI Design Problems and Solution with Verilog delivers an expertly crafted treatment of the fundamental concepts of digital design and digital design verification with Verilog HDL. The book includes the foundational knowledge that is crucial for beginners to grasp, along with more advanced coverage suitable for research students working in the area of VLSI design. Including digital design information from the switch level to FPGA-based implementation using hardware description language (HDL), the distinguished authors have created a one-stop resource for anyone in the field of VLSI design. Through eleven insightful chapters, you?ll learn the concepts behind digital circuit design, including combinational and sequential circuit design fundamentals based on Boolean algebra. You?ll also discover comprehensive treatments of topics like logic functionality of complex digital circuits with Verilog, using software simulators like ISim of Xilinx. The distinguished authors have included additional topics as well, like: A discussion of programming techniques in Verilog, including gate level modeling, model instantiation, dataflow modeling, and behavioral modeling A treatment of programmable and reconfigurable devices, including logic synthesis, introduction of PLDs, and the basics of FPGA architecture An introduction to System Verilog, including its distinct features and a comparison of Verilog with System Verilog A project based on Verilog HDLs, with real-time examples implemented using Verilog code on an FPGA board Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in electronics engineering and computer science engineering, Digital VLSI Design Problems and Solution with Verilogalso has a place on the bookshelves of academic researchers and private industry professionals in these fields.
PROGRAMMING AND GUI FUNDAMENTALS Discover the foundations of TCL programming and GUI development Programming and GUI Fundamentals: Tcl-Tk for Electronic Design Automation (EDA), delivers a comprehensive exploration of the major design challenges and potential present in application and tool development with Tcl-Tk. Accessibly written and easy-to-understand, the book can be used by students at a variety of levels, as well as researchers and working professionals. The authors present the fundamental concepts of Tcl programming and graphic user interface (GUI) development using images, and photographs, assisting with concept understanding and retention. They describe real-time system designs and offer students and designers the opportunity to learn about critical concepts in scripting and GUI development. Readers will learn to design their own GUI, place and package widgets on the GUI, and allow EDA professionals, chip designers and students to code and design in TCL-TK. They will also benefit from: A thorough introduction to scripting languages and wish interpreters, including their fundamental concepts, TCL tips and tricks, and command, variable, and procedure examples Comprehensive explorations of the TCL data structure, including datatypes, strings and commands, lists and commands, and arrays and commands Practical discussions of TCL control flow, including conditional commands, multi-condition commands, and loop commands In-depth examinations of file input/output processing, including TCL file read-write, open and close commands, gets, and puts. Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students studying programming or computer science, as well as professionals working on electronic design automation and chip design, Programming and GUI Fundamentals: Tcl-Tk for Electronic Design Automation (EDA) is also an indispensable resource for programming professionals seeking to upskill.
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR VLSI CHIP DESIGN This cutting-edge new volume covers the hardware architecture implementation, the software implementation approach, the efficient hardware of machine learning applications with FPGA or CMOS circuits, and many other aspects and applications of machine learning techniques for VLSI chip design. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have, or will have, an impact on almost every aspect of our lives and every device that we own. AI has benefitted every industry in terms of computational speeds, accurate decision prediction, efficient machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms. The VLSI industry uses the electronic design automation tool (EDA), and the integration with ML helps in reducing design time and cost of production. Finding defects, bugs, and hardware Trojans in the design with ML or DL can save losses during production. Constraints to ML-DL arise when having to deal with a large set of training datasets. This book covers the learning algorithm for floor planning, routing, mask fabrication, and implementation of the computational architecture for ML-DL. The future aspect of the ML-DL algorithm is to be available in the format of an integrated circuit (IC). A user can upgrade to the new algorithm by replacing an IC. This new book mainly deals with the adaption of computation blocks like hardware accelerators and novel nano-material for them based upon their application and to create a smart solution. This exciting new volume is an invaluable reference for beginners as well as engineers, scientists, researchers, and other professionals working in the area of VLSI architecture development.
EXPLAINABLE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES This cutting-edge new volume covers the hardware architecture implementation, the software implementation approach, and the efficient hardware of machine learning applications. Machine learning and deep learning modules are now an integral part of many smart and automated systems where signal processing is performed at different levels. Signal processing in the form of text, images, or video needs large data computational operations at the desired data rate and accuracy. Large data requires more use of integrated circuit (IC) area with embedded bulk memories that further lead to more IC area. Trade-offs between power consumption, delay and IC area are always a concern of designers and researchers. New hardware architectures and accelerators are needed to explore and experiment with efficient machine-learning models. Many real-time applications like the processing of biomedical data in healthcare, smart transportation, satellite image analysis, and IoT-enabled systems have a lot of scope for improvements in terms of accuracy, speed, computational powers, and overall power consumption. This book deals with the efficient machine and deep learning models that support high-speed processors with reconfigurable architectures like graphic processing units (GPUs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any hybrid system. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory, or the student or academic, this is a must-have for any library.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS This volume serves as a comprehensive guide in the journey of industrial control systems with a multidisciplinary approach to the key engineering problems in the 21st century. The journey of the control system may be viewed from the control of steam engines to spacecraft, aeroplane missile control systems to networked control systems and cybersecurity controls. In terms of industrial control and application, the journey starts from the design of P-I-D controllers to fuzzy controllers, neuro-fuzzy controllers, backstepping controllers, sliding mode controllers, and event-triggered controls for networked control systems. Recently, control theory has spread its golden feathers in different fields of engineering by use of the splendid tool of the control system. In this era, the boom of the Internet of Things is at its maximum pace. Different biomedical applications also come under this umbrella and provide the easiest way to continuous monitoring. One of the prominent research areas of green energy and sustainable development in which control plays a vital role is load frequency controllers, control of solar thermal plants, an event-driven building energy management system, speed-sensorless voltage and frequency control in autonomous DFIG-based wind energy, Hazardous Energy Control Programs, and many more. This exciting new volume: Offers a complete journey through industrial control systems Is written for multidisciplinary students and veteran engineers alike Benefits researchers from diverse disciplines with real-world applications
NANODEVICES FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN Nanodevices are an integral part of many of the technologies that we use every day. It is a constantly changing and evolving area, with new materials, processes, and applications coming online almost daily. Increasing demand for smart and intelligent devices in human life with better sensing, communication and signal processing is increasingly pushing researchers and designers towards future design challenges based upon internet-of-things (IoT) applications. Several types of research have been done at the level of solid-state devices, circuits, and materials to optimize system performance with low power consumption. For suitable IoT-based systems, there are some key areas, such as the design of energy storage devices, energy harvesters, novel low power high-speed devices, and circuits. Uses of new materials for different purposes, such as semiconductors, metals, and insulators in different parts of devices, circuits, and energy sources, also play a significant role in smart applications of such systems. Emerging techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence are also becoming a part of the latest developments in an electronic device and circuit design. This groundbreaking new book will, among other things, aid developing countries in updating their semiconductor industries in terms of IC design and manufacturing to avoid dependency on other countries. Likewise, as an introduction to the area for the new-hire or student, and as a reference for the veteran engineer in the field, it will be helpful for more developed countries in their pursuit of better IC design. It is a must have for any engineer, scientist, or other industry professional working in this area.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE DESIGN This book will serve as a definitive guide to conceptual and practical knowledge about the design of hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV), battery electrical vehicles (BEV), fuel cell electrical vehicles (FCEV), plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles (PHEV), and efficient EV charging techniques with advanced tools and methodologies for students, engineers, and academics alike. This book deals with novel concepts related to fundamentals, design, and applications of conventional automobiles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). It broadly covers vehicle performance, configuration, control strategy, design methodology, modeling, and simulation for different conventional and hybrid vehicles based on mathematical equations. Fundamental and practical examples of conventional electrical machines, advanced electrical machines, battery energy sources, on-board charging and off-board charging techniques, and optimization methods are presented here. This book can be useful for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in different problems and challenges associated with electric vehicles. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results.
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of next-generation internet, distributed systems, and distributed computing, offering valuable insights into their impact on society and the future of technology. The use of distributed systems is a big step forward in IT and computer science. As the number of tasks that depend on each other grows, a single machine can no longer handle all of them. Distributed computing is better than traditional computer settings in several ways. Distributed systems reduce the risks of a single point of failure, making them more reliable and able to handle mistakes. Most modern distributed systems are made to be scalable, which means that processing power can be added on the fly to improve performance. The internet of the future is meant to give us freedom and choices, encourage diversity and decentralization, and make it easier for people to be creative and do research. By making the internet more three-dimensional and immersive, the metaverse could introduce more ways to use it. Some people have expressed negative things about the metaverse, and there is much uncertainty regarding its future. Analysts in the field have pondered if the metaverse will differ much from our current digital experiences, and if so, whether people will be willing to spend hours per day exploring virtual space while wearing a headset. This book will look at the different aspects of the next-generation internet, distributed systems, distributed computing, and their effects on society as a whole.
This book provides an in-depth exploration of the potential impact of 6G networks on various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, transport, and national security, making it an essential resource for researchers, scholars, and students working in the field of wireless networks and high-speed data processing systems. Development of 6G Networks and Technology explores the benefits and challenges of 5G and beyond that play a key role in the development of the next generation of internet. 6G is targeted to improve download speeds, eliminate latency, reduce congestion on mobile networks, and support advancements in technology. 6G has the potential to transform how the human, physical, and digital worlds interact with each other and the capability to support advancements in technology, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), the metaverse, and artificial intelligence (AI). Machine learning and deep learning modules are also an integral part of almost all automated systems where signal processing is performed at different levels. Signal processing in the form text, image, or video needs large data computational operations at the desired data rate and accuracy. Large data requires more use of IC area with embedded bulk memories that lead to power consumption. Trade-offs between power consumption, delay, and IC area are always a concern of designers and researchers. Energy-efficient, high-speed data processing is required in major areas like biomedicine and healthcare, agriculture, transport, climate change, and national security and defense. This book will provide a foundation and initial inputs for researchers, scholars, and students working in the areas of wireless networks and high-speed data processing systems. It also provides techniques, tools, and methodologies to develop next-generation internet and 6G.
Gain valuable insight into applying carbon-based nanomaterials to the green technologies of the future The green revolution is the most important technological development of the new century. Carbon-based nanomaterials, with their organic origins and immense range of applications, are increasingly central to this revolution as it unfolds. There is an urgent need for an up-to-date overview of the latest research in this ever-expanding field. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Green Applications meets this need by providing a brief outline of the synthesis and characterization of different carbon-based nanomaterials, including their historical backgrounds. It proceeds to move through each major category, outlining properties and applications for each. The result is an essential contribution to a huge range of sustainable and renewable industries. With contributions from a global list of distinguished writers, the book includes: Discussion of nanomaterial applications in fields from drug delivery to biomedical technology to optics Analysis of nanomaterial categories including graphene, fullerene, mesoporous carbon, and many more Separate chapters describing aspects of supercapacitors, solar cells, and fuel cells Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Green Applications is ideal for scientists and researchers working in nanotechnology, life sciences, biomedical research, bioengineering, and a range of related fields.
There is not a single industry which will not be transformed by machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT). IoT and machine learning have altogether changed the technological scenario by letting the user monitor and control things based on the prediction made by machine learning algorithms. There has been substantial progress in the usage of platforms, technologies and applications that are based on these technologies. These breakthrough technologies affect not just the software perspective of the industry, but they cut across areas like smart cities, smart healthcare, smart retail, smart monitoring, control, and others. Because of these "game changers," governments, along with top companies around the world, are investing heavily in its research and development. Keeping pace with the latest trends, endless research, and new developments is paramount to innovate systems that are not only user-friendly but also speak to the growing needs and demands of society. This volume is focused on saving energy at different levels of design and automation including the concept of machine learning automation and prediction modeling. It also deals with the design and analysis for IoT-enabled systems including energy saving aspects at different level of operation. The editors and contributors also cover the fundamental concepts of IoT and machine learning, including the latest research, technological developments, and practical applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of IoT and machine technology, this is a must-have for any library.
