Photoinitiators A comprehensive text that covers everything from the processes and mechanisms to the reactions and industrial applications of photoinitiatorsPhotoinitiators offers a wide-ranging overview of existing photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems and their uses in ever-growing green technologies. The authors-noted experts on the topic-provide a concise review of the backgrounds in photopolymerization and photochemistry, explain the available structures, and examine the excited state properties, involved mechanisms, and structure, reactivity, and efficiency relationships. The text also contains information on the latest developments and trends in the design of novel tailor-made systems.The book explores the role of current systems in existing and emerging processes and applications. Comprehensive in scope, it covers polymerization of thick samples and in-shadow areas, polymerization under LEDs, NIR light induced thermal polymerization, photoinitiators for novel specific and improved properties, and much more. Written by an experienced and internationally renowned team of authors, this important book:Provides detailed information about excited state processes, mechanisms and design of efficient photoinitiator systemsDiscusses the performance of photoinitiators of polymerization by numerous examples of reactions and applicationIncludes information on industrial applicationsPresents a review of current developments and challengesOffers an introduction to the background information necessary to understand thefieldThe role played by photoinitiators in a variety of different polymerization reactionsWritten for polymer chemists, photochemists, and materials scientists, Photoinitiators will also earn a place in the libraries of photochemists seeking an authoritative, one-stop guide to the processes, mechanisms, and industrial applications of photoinitiators.
Based on an international symposium addressing a key issue in global development, this reference includes both the latest methodologies for and practical examples of effective management of transboundary water resources. Its multidisciplinary approach combines hydrology and environmental science with economic and political approaches, in line with new UNESCO and EU recommendations, which have been formulated and implemented with the active involvement of all three editors.
By providing a theoretical framework as well as abundant case studies from southern Europe, Africa, Asia and South America, this handbook provides hydrologists, geologists, engineers and decision-makers with all the knowledge they need for their daily work.
This new edition of a classic text has now been extensively updated to include the latest developments in risk analysis and water quality assessment and management. It takes into account the role of ecological water quality in integrated regional and transboundary water resources management, according to the latest UNESCO programmes and the new EU-Water Framework Directive.
This practice-oriented textbook is a unique tool for identifying and evaluating local and regional environmental risks from pollution hazards in groundwater, river water and coastal seawaters. The book explains different risk-based probabilistic methodologies and fuzzy logic-based approaches and includes various mathematical models for water quality simulation and theories, such as the decision analysis, the utility theory and the integrated risk-based multi-criteria assessment and management, in order to thoroughly evaluate several case studies from the real world.
Questions testing the reader?s understanding are given at the end of each chapter, and a useful appendix provides hints for answering them as well the solutions themselves.
Photoinitiating systems for polymerization reactions are largely encountered in a variety of traditional and high-tech sectors, such as radiation curing, (laser) imaging, (micro)electronics, optics, and medicine.
This book extensively covers radical and nonradical photoinitiating systems and is divided into four parts:
* Basic principles in photopolymerization reactions
* Radical photoinitiating systems
* Nonradical photoinitiating systems
* Reactivity of the photoinitiating system
The four parts present the basic concepts of photopolymerization reactions, review all of the available photoinitiating systems and deliver a
thorough description of the encountered mechanisms. A large amount of experimental and theoretical data has been collected herein. This
book allows the reader to gain a clear understanding by providing a general discussion of the photochemistry and chemistry involved.
The most recent and exciting developments, as well as the promising prospects for new applications, are outlined.
Here, all aspects of the topic are presented in a compact manner. The book is clearly structured, and divided into two sections -- asymmetric synthesis of heterocycles containing only one nitrogen and that of those with more than one nitrogen as a heteroatom -- such that the necessary information may be found at a glance. The international team of authors provides important experimental procedures, including industrial applications.
Essential for synthetic chemists in pharmaceutical and agrochemical chemistry.
This two-volume book provides an overview of physical techniques used to characterize the structure of solid materials, on the one hand,
and to investigate the reactivity of their surface, on the other. Therefore this book is a must-have for anyone working in fields related to surface
reactivity. Among the latter, and because of its most important industrial impact, catalysis has been used as the directing thread of the book.
After the preface and a general introduction to physical techniques by M. Che and J.C. Vedrine, two overviews on physical techniques are
presented by G. Ertl and Sir J.M. Thomas for investigating model catalysts and porous catalysts, respectively.
The book is organized into four parts: Molecular/Local Spectroscopies, Macroscopic Techniques, Characterization of the Fluid Phase (Gas and/
or Liquid), and Advanced Characterization. Each chapter focuses upon the following important themes: overview of the technique, most important parameters to interpret the experimental data, practical details, applications of the technique, particularly during chemical processes,
with its advantages and disadvantages, conclusions.
Industrial Arene Chemistry Explore the wide array of uses for aromatic hydrocarbons in this comprehensive reference Aromatics are a class of compounds-normally but not exclusively organic-which tend to be produced as by-products of various industrial processes. Their importance as petrochemical materials in themselves, along with the range of inter-relations between different aromatic chemicals, creates a complex and opportunity-filled market for aromatics. Industrial Arene Chemistry provides a thorough look at the conventional techniques required to use and produce these aromatic hydrocarbons. Beginning with an overview of the global aromatic market-including, but not limited to, manufacturers, markets of BTX, and downstream functional aromatics, aromatics derived from renewable sources, and economic forecasts-the book will also explore the impact shifting environmental factors will have on the future of aromatic chemistry. The text further explores BTX production processes differentiated according to the raw materials used. Importantly, this will establish the importance and growth of the biobased chemical industry. Industrial Arene Chemistry readers will also find: Case studies that describe major elements of specific technologies prototyped by contributors/companies as part of ongoing market development efforts Process chapters that include summaries of the conventional techniques and a more detailed discussion of recent high-impact studies Recent advances in conventional aromatic reactions, including alkylation, acylation and carboxylation, hydrogenation/reduction, oxidation, nitration/amination, sulfonation, and halogenation Industrial Arene Chemistry is a useful reference for chemists and chemical engineers who work with aromatics.
