In modern drug discovery and development, chemical synthesis is one of the key technologies. For the rapid preparation of new test compounds and drug development candidates, several innovative technologies with great potential have emerged: Microreactor chemistry; Nanotechnology and catalysis research; Microwave-assisted organic synthesis; New developments in solid supported synthesis.
This book covers lectures about the theory, use, scope and limitations of these new technologies in chemical synthesis. It provides a useful overview for scientists in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in academic institutions interested in chemical synthesis for drug discovery and development.
Completely dedicated to the biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles, this book covers the different toxicity problems found in healthcare situations and also provides comprehensive info on the use of metal nanoparticles in treating various diseases. Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma is the first edited volume to set up the discussion for a clinical setting and to target a pharmaceutical audience of academic and industry-based researchers.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to integrated optical waveguides for information technology and data communications. Integrated coverage ranges from advanced materials, fabrication, and characterization techniques to guidelines for design and simulation. A concluding chapter offers perspectives on likely future trends and challenges. The dramatic scaling down of feature sizes has driven exponential improvements in semiconductor productivity and performance in the past several decades. However, with the potential of gigascale integration, size reduction is approaching a physical limitation due to the negative impact on resistance and inductance of metal interconnects with current copper-trace based technology. Integrated optics provides a potentially lower-cost, higher performance alternative to electronics in optical communication systems. Optical interconnects, in which light can be generated, guided, modulated, amplified, and detected, can provide greater bandwidth, lower power consumption, decreased interconnect delays, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and reduced crosstalk when integrated into standard electronic circuits. Integrated waveguide optics represents a truly multidisciplinary field of science and engineering, with continued growth requiring new developments in modeling, further advances in materials science, and innovations in integration platforms. In addition, the processing and fabrication of these new devices must be optimized in conjunction with the development of accurate and precise characterization and testing methods. Students and professionals in materials science and engineering will find Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides to be an invaluable reference for meeting these research and development goals.
Colorectal cancer has for more than two decades served as the paradigm for the multi-step concept of cancer initiation and progression. Perhaps more than any other organ site, cancer of the colon is extensively characterized at the molecular level. We are now entering a time when molecular classification, rather than histologic classification, of cancer subtypes is driving the development of clinical trials with emerging targeted therapies. The book will focus on the progression from the identification of mutations that drive colorectal cancer initiation and progression to the search for novel therapies to treat the disease.
Obesity and diabetes develop as a complex result of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors and are characterized by increased lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in many tissues. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes are a critical regulator of lipogenesis and catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), mainly oleoyl- (18:1n9) and palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1n7). These MUFAs are the major fatty acid substrates for the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters and membrane phospholipids. There are 4 SCD isoforms (SCD1-4) in mice and two (hSCD1 and hSCD5) expressed in humans. At first glance, stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme would be considered a housekeeping enzyme because it synthesizes oleate a well-known fatty acid that is abundant in many dietary sources. However numerous studies have shown that SCD is a very highly regulated enzyme that features in so many physiological processes ranging from fat differentiation, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The editor's studies using stearoyl-CoA desaturase knockout (SCD1-/-) mice and studies of other investigators using pharmacological approaches to reduce SCD1 expression in mouse tissues have all established that the expression of SCD1 gene isoform represents a key step in partitioning of lipids between storage and oxidation. High SCD expression favors fat storage leading to obesity while reduced SCD expression favors fat burning and leanness. Although these studies clearly illustrated that SCD1 expression is involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, questions remain in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved and role of SCD1. This book includes chapters by leading researchers on SCD Genes in the brain, heart, muscle, liver metabolism, Colitis, and more. ?
Maximilian Ph. Müller führt eine quantitative vergleichende Untersuchung der langfristigen Performance von Akquisitionen privater deutscher Familienunternehmen anhand von Jahresabschlüssen durch. Er zeigt, dass Mergers & Acquisitions trotz häufig diskutierter hoher Komplexität und Misserfolgsraten eine erfolgversprechende Alternative zu organischen Wachstumsstrategien darstellen knnen. Seine Befunde aus Käuferperspektive sind Indizien für die langfristig positive und stabilisierende Wirkung von Akquisitionen sowie eine bereits vor dem Zusammenschluss überdurchschnittliche Unternehmensperformance. Der Datensatz der empirischen Untersuchung berücksichtigt im Gegensatz zu herkmmlichen Performance-Studien nicht brsennotierte Unternehmen in Privatbesitz und beinhaltet Informationen des externen Rechnungswesens Bilanz-, Gewinn- und Verlustrechnungsdaten sowie der Kapitalflussrechnung.
This book lays the groundwork for a new field of study and research in the intersection between science and diplomacy. It will review the multi-disciplinary research in this burgeoning area in providing the scientific foundation for the application of psychological principles to understanding and facilitating political decisions in an international context. Focusing on how people think, act, and feel on both individual and collective levels, this book takes into account a realistic perspective from which transformative processes can emerge. It follows the ongoing debate in the EU and the world in providing a better understanding of the tools that can be deployed to improve communication and cooperation between scientists, politicians, and diplomats in this field. The failure of communication in this COVID-19 planetary crisis has not been about whether or not objectives have been achieved, but about the ability of major actors to cooperate to forge links with people. The way policymakers and scientists will manage their interpersonal negotiations will be of great importance in fostering international cooperation and coordinated problem-solving behaviours. Otherwise, science diplomacy will lose sight of its most important purpose: that of helping to solve problems, conflicts, and diplomatic processes for the sake of humanity.
This book is an exploration of the integration-differentiation dynamics that result in a drive, or impulse, toward human sociality, arguing that our need to connect with other people is as fundamental as our need for food and shelter. In The Social Impulse: The Evolution and Neuroscience of What Brings Us Together, Jaime Pineda presents the evidence that social cohesion is a complementary force to natural selection, the Darwinian drive for differentiation and diversity. The book addresses the distinctive aspects of social behavior that arise from integration principles and seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Why does social cohesion arise? (2) What is the history of social dynamics? (3) How does social cohesion work? (4) When do the developmental aspects of social dynamics arise? A final section of the book addresses the value of sociality and social cohesion. By exploring the differences, similarities, and, most important, the interactivity between natural selection and social cohesion, this unique book provides a wealth of interesting, challenging, and unexpected insights.
Dieses Buch legt den Grundstein für ein neues Studien- und Forschungsgebiet an der Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaft und Diplomatie. Es gibt einen Überblick über die multidisziplinäre Forschung in diesem aufstrebenden Bereich und liefert die wissenschaftliche Grundlage für die Anwendung psychologischer Prinzipien zum Verständnis und zur Erleichterung politischer Entscheidungen in einem internationalen Kontext. Das Buch konzentriert sich darauf, wie Menschen auf individueller und kollektiver Ebene denken, handeln und fühlen, und berücksichtigt eine realistische Perspektive, aus der heraus transformative Prozesse entstehen knnen. Es folgt der laufenden Debatte in der EU und weltweit, um ein besseres Verständnis der Instrumente zu vermitteln, die zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaftlern, Politikern und Diplomaten in diesem Bereich eingesetzt werden knnen. Beim Scheitern der Kommunikation in dieser COVID-19-Planetenkrise ging es nicht darum, obdie Ziele erreicht wurden oder nicht, sondern um die Fähigkeit der Hauptakteure, zusammenzuarbeiten, um Verbindungen zu den Menschen herzustellen. Die Art und Weise, wie Politiker und Wissenschaftler ihre zwischenmenschlichen Verhandlungen führen, wird von großer Bedeutung für die Frderung der internationalen Zusammenarbeit und eines koordinierten Verhaltens bei der Problemlsung sein. Andernfalls wird die Wissenschaftsdiplomatie ihren wichtigsten Zweck aus den Augen verlieren: die Unterstützung bei der Lsung von Problemen, Konflikten und diplomatischen Prozessen zum Wohle der Menschheit.
This book provides in-depth knowledge in the areas of convergence of cloud-IoT technologies and industry 4.0 with society 5.0, machine-to-machine communication, machine-to-person communication, techno-psychological perspective of society 5.0, sentiment analysis of smart digital societies, multi-access edge computing for 5G networks, discovery & location reporting of multi-access edge enabled clients/servers, m-health systems, enhancing the concert of M-health technologies in smart societies, supervising communication services in smart societies, life quality enhancement in smart city societies, multiple disease infection predictions, and societal opinion mining algorithms for smart cities societies using cloud-IoT integrated intelligent machine / deep learning technologies to the readers in the distributive environment. In this book, the authors have mandatorily discussed the implementation of cloud-IoT based machine learning technologies like clustering technique, Naïve Bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), Firefly algorithm, Rough set classifiers, support vector machine classifier, decision tree classifier, ensemble classifier, random forest, and deep learning algorithms to analyze the behavior of intelligent machines and human habits using automated data scheduling and smart digital networks.At present, we live in a self-motivated and dynamic global society where technologies and challenges are unexpectedly changing overnight. These rapid changes in globalization and technological advances are creating new market forces every day. Therefore, day-to-day innovation is essential for any business or institution to survive and flourish in such an atmosphere. Though, innovation is no longer just to create value to do good to individuals, societies, or organizations. The utmost purpose of innovation is to create a smart futuristic society where people can enjoy the best quality of life using natural resources and manmade technologies including cloud-IoT technologies, and industry 4.0. Hence, the innovators and their innovations must search for intelligent solutions to tackle major socio-technical problems and remove barriers of rural, urban and smart city societies.The smart digitization and intelligent implementation of manufacturing development processes are the necessities for today's rural, urban, and smart city industries. All types of industries including development, manufacturing, and research are presently shifting from bunch production to customized production. The fast advancements in manufacturing technologies have an in-depth impact on all types of societies including societies of rural areas, urban areas, and smart cities. Industry 4.0 includes the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet, Smart Manufacturing, Cloud-based computing, and Manufacturing Technologies. The objective of this book is to establish linkage between the Industry 4.0 components and various rural, urban & smart city societies (including society 5.0) to bring actual prosperity where human values, peace of mind, human relations, man-machine-relations, and calmness will have utmost preference. These objectives can be achieved by the integration of human societal values, and social opinion mining (SOM) approaches with the existing technologies.
This guide for practicing statisticians, data scientists, and R users and programmers will teach the essentials of preprocessing: data leveraging the R programming language to easily and quickly turn noisy data into usable pieces of information. Data wrangling, which is also commonly referred to as data munging, transformation, manipulation, janitor work, etc., can be a painstakingly laborious process. Roughly 80% of data analysis is spent on cleaning and preparing data; however, being a prerequisite to the rest of the data analysis workflow (visualization, analysis, reporting), it is essential that one become fluent and efficient in data wrangling techniques.This book will guide the user through the data wrangling process via a step-by-step tutorial approach and provide a solid foundation for working with data in R. The author's goal is to teach the user how to easily wrangle data in order to spend more time on understanding the content of the data. By the end of the book, the user will have learned: How to work with different types of data such as numerics, characters, regular expressions, factors, and datesThe difference between different data structures and how to create, add additional components to, and subset each data structureHow to acquire and parse data from locations previously inaccessibleHow to develop functions and use loop control structures to reduce code redundancyHow to use pipe operators to simplify code and make it more readableHow to reshape the layout of data and manipulate, summarize, and join data sets
Vietnam wird auch als das Land des "Aufsteigenden Drachen" bezeichnet. Und tatsächlich erlebt das Land seit seiner wirtschaftlichen Öffnung 1986 einen unaufhaltsamen Aufstieg. Vietnam wird immer mehr zu einem Magneten für Manager, Spezialisten und Studenten aus Deutschland, die sich diesem atemberaubenden Land zuwenden. - Das vorliegende Buch richtet sich an alle, die schon in Vietnam arbeiten oder demnächst in diesem boomenden südostasiatischen Land arbeiten wollen. Gleichzeitig ist es aber auch für jeden interessant, der in die faszinierende vietnamesische Kultur tiefer eintauchen mchte. Das Besondere an diesem Buch ist, dass es ausschließlich von Vietnamexperten geschrieben ist, die Jahre oder Jahrzente mit Vietnam zu tun hatten. Es ist aus der Praxis für die Praxis geschrieben. In insgesamt fünf Teilen werden allgemeines Wissen zu Land und Leuten vermittelt, Hinweise zur Gestaltung einer Karriere gegeben, der Umgang mit vietnamesischen Mitarbeitern thematisiert sowie Tipps zu Networking und Geschäftemachen gegeben. Ein ausführlicher Anhang mit Literaturempfehlungen, Netzwerkadressen und volkswirtschaftlichen Daten rundet diesen Managementguide ab. Willkommen in Vietnam.
This book explains the dynamics behind the economic transformation from the colonial era to the post-independence period in Indonesia and Vietnam. It analyses the different Vietnamese and Indonesian government approaches to the economic legacies of colonialism remaining in these countries after independence. It also demonstrates that despite critical differences between the two nation-states, the Vietnamese and Indonesian leaderships were pursuing similar long-term goals: to create a truly independent national economy. The book discusses the way in which the Indonesian government established complete economic control, resembling the socialist transformation of North Vietnam in the 1950s, and the various means by which the government of South Vietnam concentrated economic power in its own hands during the late 1950s and early 1960s. It also explores how the Indonesian government was determined remove the economic legacy of Dutch colonialism by placing the entire economy under strongstate control and ownership in accordance with the spirit of Guided Democracy and Guided Economy in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. This book is a point of reference for students, researchers and academics interested in a comparative analysis of the economic systems implemented by the colonial and fascist powers in Indonesia and Vietnam.
Johannes Ph. Backhaus applies the Model of Education Reconstruction (MER) to the context of a social accountability intervention in Cambodia. This book is not an evaluation but adopts a qualitative perspective on the learning approach applied by the researched intervention. The research found that the learning intervention does not systematically include learners' pre-existing social knowledge. It would potentially benefit from systematically harvesting and reinforcing pre-held convictions to sustainably motivate participation. It does not address potentially sensitive topics while interviewees show a sophisticated and holistic understanding of these. Finally, there are inconsistencies between the program's aims and objectives. In sum, the piloted approach offers pathways on how to beneficially include qualitative perspectives on similar development interventions.
